MMA Monomers & Polymers
Why is MMA suitable for use in nail powder (polymer) and not suitable for use in nail liquid (monomer)?
We all know that Methyl Methacrylate, otherwise know as MMA, has been prohibited for use in the nail industry since the mid 1970’s. What some of you may not realize is that this prohibition only applies to MMA used in nail liquids. MMA is NOT prohibited for use in nail powders. Why is MMA suitable for use in nail powder (polymer) and not suitable for use in nail liquid (monomer)?
MMA Monomers
As you may already know, EMA (ethyl methacrylate) is the backbone monomer in most acrylic nail liquids. The use of EMA as a substitute for MMA in monomer came about in the late 1970’s when the FDA banned the use of MMA, stemming from reports of allergic reaction, permanent loss of the nail plate and in some cases, permanent loss of sensation in the fingertips. Although MMA is still acceptable for use in the medical & dental industries, it is no longer permitted for use in the beauty industry.
MMA Polymers
All polymer powders start off as monomers. Usually two types (or more - depending on the manufacturer) of monomers are commonly used to make polymers; one of which is MMA. Wait, I know what you are thinking. “Didn’t you just say that MMA is no longer permitted for use in the beauty industry?” Yes, that is still true, but here is what you may not realize:
Monomers, initiators, dispersing agents, catalysts, and water are mixed together to make a polymer. It is mixed and continually stirred while it is heated to very high temperatures. After several hours, the monomers become solid little beads and float on the surface of the water. The beads are strained from the water and rinsed several times. They are then dried, and sifted to remove the biggest and smallest particles.
Once the ingredients are mixed and heated, and the monomers have become solid; there is no more active MMA. As a matter of fact, this new solid has a completely different name: PMMA (poly methyl methacrylate) and is considered perfectly safe to use on natural nails.